Special mixed cement of a high grade strength



masseuse ;c1951 Y v 1,82l f65,

.UNI'TEJD STATESPATENT OFFICE- SHOIGHIRO NAGAI, OF HONGO-KU, TOKYO, AND KICHIZO KAWAMIURA, KYOIBASHI- KU, TOKYO, JAPAN, ASSIGNORS TO GOSUKE IMAI, 0F TOKYO-EU, JAPAN SPECIAL MIXED CEMENT OF A HIGH GRADE STRENGTH No Drawing. Application filed February 11, 1929, Serial No. 339,260, and in Japan September 21, 1928;

This invention relates to improvements in induce the carbon dioxide to penetrate into the production of a specially mixed cement of the inner, parts of the concrete mass. Morehigh degree of strength, and the characterover, as it is also a slow process to combine istic feature of thisinvention resides in the the free lime with silicic acid on the surface '3 preliminary preparation of a mixture done. of broken stone, gravel, silica sand and the by mixing and grinding the following two inlike in the concrete mass, it can, accordingly, gradients, namely, vscarcely be expected to obtain a rapid increase (1) The first class ingredient composed of in strength, nor to obtain a high grade of calcined products of igneous rocks such as strength on account of loss of free lime dis- 10 granite, liparite, quartz porphyrite, diorite solved into Water. or the like, In this invention, however, and in order to (2) The second class ingredient containprevent this loss of free lime which is urgenting much of acid components such as soluble 1y needed to obtain increase in strength by sihca, soluble alumina and soluble iron oxide hardening of Portland cement and at the 1 5' of decomposed matters of tuft, basalt, andessame time to further increase the grade of ite or the like. strength by producing rapidly a considerable To the aforesaid mixture is then added amount of calcium silicate and calcium alu- Portland cement clinker and ground together mlnate, the inventors propose first. to pre-' and pulverizedinto an intimate mixture of pare a mixture of the above described two 20 fine powder. The principal object of this inmgredlents and grinding them together, ventlon is to produce aspecially mixed ce- Wh1Ch they call the first class and the second ment of high grade both for slow and quick class lngredlent respectively; and then to V hardening and far beyond the strength of add to th s mixture d.

ordinary Portland cement. This is accomand thereupon 'regrm p ;?5 plished by properly inducing the latent hytlre mass into an intimate mixture oi. fine draulic properites of each of the lngredlents powder. As to said first class in redient it I and thus promoting and accelerating the 1s proposed to se calcined ror ucts ofai r hardening of hydraulic cement.

ous rocks com osec o The hardening of Portland cement prean as o re secon 30 pared of ordinary cement clinker, made of natural or artificial roducts ina be utislime-stone and clay, is principally due to the l whic contam'a formation of calcium silicate, calcium alumiacid com onents as s H nate and free lime or calcium hydroxide by alumina s u an 1e 1 the hydrolysis decomposition of di-calcium Thus byutr. g ose two ingredients the 35 silicate, tri-calcium silicate, tri-calcium object can be attained to havearapid harden- 5 aluminate and the like, forming the proper ingand at the same time an increase in hydraulic compounds of Portland cement. strength by properly inducingthe latent hy- It is also due to the formation of calcium draulic properties of each ingredient. carbonateb combining free lime with carbon To explain moreparticularlythe embodi-' 40 dioxide in t e air or the formation of calcium ment of this invention, the raw materials for silicate by gradually combining free lime the 'st class ingredient are such igneous" with silica on surface of broken stone, gravel, rpc k s 2 1 s gr2 1 e 1 t quartz per h rlte, silica sand and the like used for mixing with (11011? or the hire and theyEEch con a1 a 7 Portland cement. But the aforesaid forma- COIlSl erable amount of silica uartz) and 4 tion of calcium carbonate by combining free alkali alumino-sihcate l'fe'lds Jari. ['0 make lime with carbon dioxide is very slow and tliecalcmed products from these raw mate gradual as the reaction between free lime rials they are heated to about 800 C. for and carbon dioxide takes place gradually about two ours; or ca c1na 1on quartz from the outer surface to the interior of the con ame 1n ese" igneous rocks is changed a e 5 concrete mass because it is very diflicult to to the most stable form and at thesame time we there is produced soluble silica and soluble alumina by the decomposition of feldspar (alkali alumino-silicate) Thus when these calcined products which had been subjected to aforesaid changes are mixed with Portland cement the promotion of the stability of Portland cement against heat by the presence of calcined quartz has been established. Moreover, there are produced numerous cracks in calcined quartz after calcination and as a consequence the formation of calcium silicate may easily occur by combinin with free lime produced by the hydrolysis 0 Portland cement with soluble silica in the calcined rocks, thus further increasing the strength of hardened concrete.

Furthermore, there occurs another chemical reaction between free lime, soluble silica and soluble alumina produced by the decomosition of alkali alumino-silicate, so that the ardenin of hydraulic cement is remarkably acce erated and its strength is greatly increased. These are the effects due to the latent hydraulic property originally possessed b the first class ingredient and induced w en it is mixed with Portland cement clinker.

As to the second glass ingredient, any natural or a 1 01a su stance may be used if it contains an abundance of colloidal solution components such as sil ica, alumina, iron oxide and the like. As an example, the inventors ropose to use weathered materials of Eufi', Basalt, andesite or e 1 e, in w 10 t ere is present muc of colloidal solution components. There are many natural materials to be used as the second class ingredients. Moreover as artificial material may be used l a g produced from various metallurgical ovens and byproducts from various industries which also contain a great quantity of soluble acid components.

When these materials, forming the second class ingredient, contain much of colloidal solution components mixed with Portland cement clinkers, they may easily be combined with free lime and the said colloidal solution components b inducing the latent hydraulic property of t is ingredient and at the same time it is easy to accelerate the hardening and give rise to an early high grade strength by producing calcium silicate, calcium aluminate and the like which are useful for giving increased strength to the hydraulic cement.

When the first and second class ingredients are mixed and round and then to said mixture "is added" rfiliind cement clinker, the object is easily attained of indii'cingproper hydraulic action between the Portland cement clinker and the first and second class ingredients.

As above stated alkali in the first class ingredient contacts with silica, alumina and iron oxide in the second class ingredient and these soon combine with each other and then produce alkali siligate, alka1i grlpi r n'.,-.. nate and the like w ich are urgently needed omote the desired hydraulic action of cement and at the same time these combined products cover the surface of broken stone, gravel, silica sand and the like which are present in mixing with cement and thus is caused the increase of strength of the cement.

In view of the fact, as mentioned above, that the two esaidwiagradielterexenre; asal w t i efif ame t ka ieadilie the into an intimate in;Kmmarairspeedrfflie specific latent hydraulic properties of the said two ingredients are remarkably induced by free alkalies produced in hydrolysis of Portland cement, and at the same time there may be produced a sort of hydraulic action between the substances in the said two ingredients by the contact of said substances present in the two ingredients.

Now resuming the subject-matter of this specification we may note as follows:

(1) The substance used as the first class ingredient is important for promoting the stability of mixed cement against heat chiefly by the calcined quartz present in it and for giving rise to a continuous increase of strength in a long time.

(2) The substance used as the second class ingredient is also important for accelerating the hardening of cement chiefly by the colloidal solution components present in the said ingredient and thus getting an early high' grade strength, and,

(3) Owing to the coexistence of the substances respectively of the first and second class ingredients it is possible to make thev mixed cement capable of greater waterproof quality, water-resistibility and more rapid hardening through the chemical combination a of soluble alkalies in the first class ingredient and soluble acid components in the second class ingredient.

The product of this invention, namely, a special mixed cement, reduced by mixing the calcined igneous roc s containing quartz and feldspar and the soluble acid compo-. nents, which are ground together and then remixed with a proper quantity of Portland cement clinker, the entire mass being again ground and pulverized into an intimate mixture of fine powder, thereby effectively inducing the respective latent hydraulic properties of the said calcined igneous rocks and the colloidal solution components; said product is of extremely high degree of strength.

As an example of the execution of this invention it is described as follows: first, a mixture is prepared of substances belonging to the first and second class ingredients in the range of ratio of 5 to 3 and 3 to 5 respectively, and they are ground at a temperature of 150 to 200 0., then to the ground mixture 106. COMPOSITIONS,

COATING, 0R PLASTIC, I

is added Portland cement clinker at about 30 to 40 percent of clinker. Then, the entire mass is reground and pulverized into an intimate mixture of fine owder.

Having now particu arly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention and in what manner the same is to be per formed, we declare that what we claim is 1. A method of manufacturing mixed cement of high degree of strength and of highest hydraulic properties, consisting in mixing and grinding a primary and a secondary ingredient, said primary ingredient comprising material selected from a group consisting of calcined igneous rocks containing granite, lipa'rite, quartz porphyrite and diorite; said secondary ingredlent' comprising a substance containing colloidal solution components in considerable quantity and selected from a grou consisting of silica, alumina and iron oxide, weathered matters of tufl', basalt and andesite, and then adding to said mixture Portland cement clinker, grinding and pulverizing the resultant mass into an intimate mixture of fine powder.

2. A method of manufacturing mixed cement of high degree of strength and. of highest hydraulic properties, consisting in mixing and grinding a primary and a secondary ingredient, said primary ingredient comprising material selected from a group consisting of calcined igneous rocks containing granite, liparite, quartz porphyrite and diprimary ingredient being 42 to '22 percent and the secondaryl'ingredlent inthe mlxture being22 to 42 percent of the final product respectively, the grinding taking place ata total mixture.

4. A comp'osition'of properties comprising'la finely ground mixture of 42 to 22 percent of a primary ingredient, 22 to 42 percent of a secondary ingredient and 30 to 40 percent of Portland cement clinker of the final product, sa1d prlmary'ingredient comprisin material selected from a groupconsistin o calcinedigneous rocks containing"gran i te, l1pai'1te,]quartz porphyrite and diorite; said secondary mgredient comprising a substance'contalning colloldal solution components m considerable quantity and selected from a group conslsting of silica, alumina and iron oxide, weathered matters of tuif, basalt and andesite.

In witness whereof wehave hereunto set our hands.

SHOICHIRO NAGAI. KICHIZQ KAWAMURA.

orite; said secondary ingredientcomprising mixture being 22 to 42 percent of the final I product respectively, and the grinding taking place at a temperature ranging from 150 to 200 C. I

3. A method of manufacturing mixed cement of high degree of strength and of highest hydraulic properties, consisting in mixing and grinding a primary and a second ary ingredient, said primary ingredient comprising material selected from a group consisting of calcined igneous rocks containing granite, liparite, quartz porphyrite and diorite; said secondary ingredient comprising a substance containing colloidal solution components in considerable quantity and selected from a group consisting of silica, alumina and iron oxide, weathered matters of tufl:', basalt and andesite, then adding to said mixture Portland cement clinker, grinding and pulverizing the resultant mass into an intimate mixture of fine powder; the quantity of said cementhavin h degree of strength and highest by rau 1c; 

